FYBCom Sem 1 : Problem Solving Skills - Grammar and Vocabulary

Chapter 6 : Problem Solving Skills :  The Look-Out Man

# Vovcabulary

# Word – Meaning

Publican – a person who owns a pub

Unobtrusively – acting that doesn’t attract attention

Antique – an object that is old and valuable

Undertaker -  a person who prepares dead bodies for burial

Urn – A container

Hearse – A vehicle used to transport a dead body

Disinterested – having no personal involvement

Speculation – thinking minutely about something

Arty - Creative / artistic

In a state – being in a state of emotional distress

Turn-ups – the folded cuffs of trousers

Purloined – stolen

Demur – doubt / to express hesitation

Cranny – a small crack in a wall or a rock

Revelation – discloser of some information

Strung up – tense or nervous

Critical moment – a crucial or decisive situation

Ledge – a narrow horizontal shelf on a wall

 

# Phrasal verbs :   Meanings and Sentences

  Deal with: To handle or manage something, especially a problem or task.
Example:  I need to deal with these emails before lunch.

Rely on: To depend on someone or something for support or help.
Example:  I rely on my parents for advice.

Look at: To focus your eyes on something, or to consider something carefully.
Example: Let's look at the problem from another angle.

Make up: To invent or create something, like a story or excuse
Example: He made up a funny story to entertain us.

Come up: To be mentioned or appear unexpectedly.
Example: The topic of climate change came up during the meeting.

1.     Work off: To reduce or get rid of something, usually energy, stress, or weight, by doing physical activity.
Example: I went for a run to work off the stress from work.

2.     Part with: To give up or let go of something, often reluctantly.
Example: It’s hard for her to part with her childhood toys.

3.     Make up: To invent or create something, like a story or excuse; or to resolve a disagreement.
Example: She made up a funny story to explain her delay.

4.     Slip off: To remove something quickly, or to leave quietly without being noticed.
Example: He slipped off his shoes as soon as he got home.

5.     Warm up: To prepare for physical activity by doing light exercises, or to heat something.
Example: It’s important to warm up before running.

6.     Look for: To try to find something or someone.
Example: I’m looking for my keys. Have you seen them?

7.     Look into: To investigate or explore something in detail.
Example: The police are looking into the case.

8.     Pull off: To succeed in doing something difficult.
Example: She pulled off an amazing performance despite being nervous.

9.     Stoop down: To bend your body forward and downward, usually to pick something up.
Example: He stooped down to tie his shoelaces.

10.              Pick up: To lift something or someone; also to learn or acquire a skill.
Example: I need to pick up the kids from school.

11.              Wrap up: To finish or conclude something, or to cover something tightly.
Example: Let’s wrap up the meeting and go home.

12.              Hand over: To give something to someone else, usually in a formal or responsible way.
Example: The teacher asked me to hand over my homework.

13.              Dispose of: To throw away or get rid of something.
Example: Please dispose of the trash properly.

14.              Get rid of: To remove or eliminate something you no longer want or need.
Example: I need to get rid of these old clothes.

# Rewrite the following sentences by replacing the verbs with suitable phrasal verbs.

1.      If you (watch) look at birds carefully, you can soon recognize different species.

2.      The American could not (decide)make up his mind about which ring he wanted to buy.

3.      Morris (extended)held out his hand to the American.

4.      Morris (kept)put down the tray on the table.

5.      The lady (removed)took off her glove.

6.      The pub-inspector (examined)looked into the case seriously.

7.      At first, he could not (understand)make out anything about the case.

8.      He (stored)put away the file safely.

9.      He (gave)handed it over to a special officer.

10.                             The thief, however, (escaped)got away.

# Idiomatic expressions. Make your own sentences.

1.      After all: She went to the party after all, even though she was tired.

2.      At any rate: The weather was bad, but at any rate, we finished the walk.

3.      All the same: He said sorry, but I still feel upset all the same.

4.      First of all: First of all, we need to talk about the money before we decide.

5.      At first glance: At first glance, the puzzle looked easy, but it was tricky.

# Prepositions :

1.      Joe Larrabee came from the Middle West. He was a genius at painting. As a child of six, he drew a picture of the town pump with an important citizen passing it in a hurry. This effort was framed and hung in the drugstore window. At twenty he left for New York with flowing necktie and a small capital.

 

2.      Although Mr. McMaster had lived in Amazonas for nearly sixty years, no one but a few families of Shiriana Indians was aware of his existence. His house stood on a small savanna, a little patch of sand and grass three miles or so wide, bounded on all sides by forest. Mr. McMaster owned a small herd of cattle, a plantation of cassava, and banana and mango trees.

 

# Prepositions:

# Here are simple sentences with examples for each preposition:

1.     To

·       I go to school every day.

·       She gave the book to her friend.

·       He is coming to my house.

2.     From

·       I received a gift from my brother.

·       The train is coming from the city.

·       She walked from her house to the park.

3.     With

·       I went with my friends to the party.

·       He is eating dinner with a spoon.

·       She always carries her phone with her.

4.     At

·       I will meet you at the park.

·       The meeting is at 5 o'clock.

·       She was standing at the door.

5.     On

·       The book is on the table.

·       I will call you on Monday.

·       He is working on a project

6.     In

·       The cat is sleeping in the box.

·       I live in a small town.

·       We will travel in December.

7.     By

·       The letter was written by my teacher.

·       She sat by the window.

·       He arrived by bus.

8.     Of

·       This is a picture of my family.

·       The color of the sky is blue.

·       She is the captain of the team.

9.     For

·       This gift is for you.

·       I am waiting for my friend.

·       She studied for the exam.

10.            About

·       He is talking about the new movie.

·       I have a question about the homework.

·       She is worried about her test.

11.            After

·       We will go home after the game.

·       She cleaned the room after lunch.

·       He arrived after the meeting.

12.            Until

·       I will wait until you arrive.

·       The shop is open until 8 PM.

·       He slept until noon.

#  Here are some additional examples of commonly used prepositions:

13.            Over

·       The bird flew over the house.

·       The bridge goes over the river.

·       The plane is flying over the clouds.

14.            Under

·       The cat is hiding under the table.

·       He placed the bag under the chair.

·       The book fell under the bed.

15.            Between

·       The ball is between the two boxes.

·       She sat between her parents.

·       There is a big difference between the two ideas.

16.            Behind

·       The car is parked behind the building.

·       He stood behind the door.

·       The dog is hiding behind the tree.

17.            Through

·       We walked through the park.

·       The train goes through the tunnel.

·       She looked through the window.

18.            Across

·       The store is across the street.

·       He swam across the river.

·       There is a bridge across the lake.

19.            Against

·       The chair is leaning against the wall.

·       He is standing against the fence.

·       The players are competing against each other.

20.            Along

·       We walked along the beach.

·       The path goes along the river.

·       There are trees along the road.

21.            Near

·       The school is near my house.

·       He lives near the park.

·       The shop is near the station.

22.            Beside

·       She sat beside her friend.

·       The phone is beside the laptop.

·       The lamp is beside the bed.

23.            Among

·       He was among the crowd.

·       She found her book among the other books.

·       The treasure is hidden among the trees.

24.            Inside

·       The dog is inside the house.

·       She put the keys inside her bag.

25.            Instead of

• I had tea instead of coffee.
• She chose to walk instead of taking the bus.

26.              In front of

• The car is parked in front of the house.
• He stood in front of the mirror.

27.            Next to

• The bakery is next to the coffee shop.
• She sat next to her best friend.

28.            Due to

• The game was canceled due to rain.
• He was late due to traffic.

29.            Ahead of

• She finished the race ahead of everyone else.
• There is a traffic light ahead of the intersection.

30.            Close to

• The park is close to my house.
• We are close to finishing the project.

31.             Far from

• The airport is far from the city.
• His house is far from the school.

32.            Out of

• She is out of the office today.
• He ran out of money.

33.            Opposite

• The library is opposite the park.
• The bank is opposite the cinema.

34.            Apart from

• Apart from John, everyone came to the party.
• Apart from the noise, it was a pleasant stay.