FYBCom Sem 1
# Reading Skills #
A. Answer the following factual questions in two to three
sentences each.
1. What is the difference between skimming and scanning?
- Answer: Skimming is
reading a text very quickly to get a general overview or the main idea of
the material. On the other hand, scanning is a selective reading method
used when you are looking for a specific detail, specific piece of information, such as a
name, date, or fact.
2. When is close reading necessary?
- Answer: Close reading
is necessary when dealing with deep academic or professional materials
like textbooks, reports, and instruction manuals. It is required when a
reader needs to analyze the language, understand complex ideas completely,
or remember details for a specific learning task.
3. Why is food colouring added to natural food items?
- Answer: Natural foods
like fruits do not always have a perfect or uniform color due to nature's
variations. Food coloring is added to these items to make them look
brighter, fresher, and more uniform, which makes the food appear highly
attractive and marketable to consumers.
4. What are some of the side effects of food colouring?
- Answer: Artificial
food coloring can lead to serious health issues such as allergic
reactions, asthma, and sleeping problems like insomnia. In children, it is
known to cause hyperactive behavioral disorders, and some chemical dyes
are even linked to long-term risks like cancer and organ damage.
5. Why does the food industry prefer artificial dyes?
- Answer: The food
industry prefers synthetic dyes because they are very cheap to produce,
readily available, and last a long time. Furthermore, they are odorless,
tasteless, and highly concentrated, meaning a very small amount can easily
color a large batch of processed food.
6. How does one identify which food products contain food colouring?
- Answer: You can
identify food coloring by reading the ingredient list on the back of the
product packaging. Look for a line starting with "Contains..."
and check for specific identification codes printed by manufacturers, such
as the Indian Standard Number (IS No.) or European Community Number (EEC
No.).
B. Answer the following interpretative questions
1. Why does one need to understand the purpose of reading something
before they start going through the material?
- Answer: Understanding
your purpose before reading is important because it determines the correct
reading strategy to use. Before opening a book, you should ask yourself
why you are reading it. If you only need to find a specific data point,
you will choose the scanning technique. If you just want a quick overview
of a news article, you will use skimming. However, if you are preparing a
difficult topic for an examination, you must use close reading. Defining
your objective saves a lot of time and helps your brain focus on exactly
what information needs to be taken from the text.
2. How does colour influence perceived taste?
- Answer: Human beings
belong to a visual culture, which means we naturally judge our food with
our eyes first. From childhood, our minds build strong connections between
specific colors and flavors. For example, we look at a yellow candy and
immediately assume it is lemon-flavored, while a red candy is expected to
taste like strawberry. If a food item has a dull or unappealing shade, our
brain assumes it tastes bad. Food manufacturers use this psychology by
adding bright synthetic colors to processed items to make them seem
richer, sweeter, and more delicious, even without real fruit ingredients.
3. Can food be marketed effectively without adding food colouring in the
modern world? Justify your answer.
- Answer: Yes, food can be sold successfully without artificial coloring today because modern consumers are becoming highly health-conscious. Many people are now afraid of chemical additives and actively look for safe options. Companies can market their food products effectively by highlighting honesty and purity on their packaging, using phrases like "100% natural and chemical-free." They can also use safe, natural alternatives like turmeric or beetroot juice for visual appeal. When consumers realize that synthetic dyes harm their bodies, they will gladly choose healthy, uncolored food products over brightly colored junk food. This makes health a powerful marketing tool.
4. ‘Appearances can be quite deceptive.’ Briefly explain this sentence in
the light of the essay.
- Answer: This sentence
means that things that look beautiful and attractive on the outside can
actually be dangerous on the inside. According to the essay, processed
foods, festive sweets, and market fruits are made to look very bright,
shiny, and appetizing. However, this beautiful look is a manufactured
illusion. These vibrant red and yellow hues do not come from natural
sources; instead, they are synthetic chemicals made from petroleum.
Underneath this attractive appearance, the food contains harmful substances
that cause allergies, hyperactivity, and long-term diseases like cancer.
Therefore, we should never judge food quality based only on its colorful
appearance.
C. Answer the following personal response questions
1. Why do you think reading comprehension is considered a key soft skill?
- Answer: Reading
comprehension is a key soft skill because it goes beyond simply reading
words to truly understanding their deep meaning. We require this skill
daily in our academic and professional lives. If you read an official
letter, a business report, or an examination question paper but fail to
understand the core message properly, you will make serious mistakes. Good
comprehension helps us think critically, evaluate different opinions, and
make correct independent decisions. It allows a student to process written
data effectively, which is absolutely necessary for achieving career
success and handling real-world responsibilities in any modern workspace.
2. Do you think colour plays an important role while choosing one product
over another? Why and how?
- Answer: Yes, color
plays a vital role when we choose between different products at a shop.
Our subconscious mind automatically connects bright, vibrant colors with
superior quality, freshness, and safety. For instance, when shopping for
apples, a buyer will instinctively pick a bright red apple instead of a
dull red one, assuming it is juicier and healthier. Furthermore, companies
design their packaging using primary colors to grab our attention
instantly on a crowded market shelf. Therefore, color serves as a powerful
psychological trigger that changes our mood, creates visual desire, and
directly guides our purchasing choices every day.
3. Do you think generating awareness regarding the side effects of
artificial food colouring will solve the issue? Justify your answer.
- Answer: Creating
public awareness is a helpful starting point, but it cannot solve the
problem entirely on its own. When people learn about the dangers of
synthetic dyes, they will gradually change their eating habits and select
healthier options. This shifts market demand and forces companies to
change. However, many low-income families continue to buy cheap processed
food because organic, naturally-colored alternatives are too expensive.
Therefore, true change requires a combination of public awareness and strict
government laws. The government must ban hazardous chemical additives and
provide subsidies to make safe, natural foods affordable for everyone in
society.
D. Answer the following situation-based questions
1. If you had to read an article of around six pages in fifteen minutes
and then write a short critical note on it, which method of reading would you
utilise and why?
- Answer: In this
situation, I would combine the skimming and scanning methods because
fifteen minutes is not enough time to read six pages intensively. First, I
would spend three minutes skimming the entire article by reading the
title, main headings, introductory paragraph, and conclusion. This quickly
provides the author's central argument. Next, I would scan the pages to
look for key terms, data points, and structural patterns, marking
important sections with a pencil. This efficient approach allows me to understand
the core message of the text quickly and helps me write a balanced
critical note within the tight deadline.
2. If you were in charge of a processed foods company, would you add
artificial food colouring to your products keeping in mind that your
competitors are using it? Justify your answer.
- Answer: No, I would
not use artificial food coloring in my products, even if all my business
competitors are using it. Human health must always be placed above
corporate profits. Using cheap petroleum-derived dyes might increase
short-term sales, but it damages consumer health and destroys brand trust
over time. Instead, I would use safe, natural options like spinach juice
or saffron. I would proudly advertise my brand as "100% Chemical-Free
and Child-Safe." This ethical strategy will create long-term consumer
loyalty, as health-conscious families will always prefer a trustworthy
brand over a dishonest competitor.
3. Being aware of the dangers of artificial substances in food, you look
through the ingredient labels of two different cakes you are trying to choose
from. You realise that the one which has used natural colouring is
significantly more expensive than the one which has used artificial dyes. Which
one would you buy and why?
- Answer: I would choose
to purchase the more expensive cake made with natural coloring. Although
it costs more money upfront, protecting my body from toxic factory
chemicals is a much wiser long-term decision. Consuming cheap synthetic
dyes can cause immediate health problems like allergic reactions or lead
to expensive medical bills in the future. Paying a higher price for
natural ingredients is a direct investment in my personal health and
safety. Furthermore, it supports ethical food manufacturers who respect public
health, encouraging the industry to produce fewer chemical products and
more wholesome food options for society.
